Getting ready for shoulder surgery?

Your doctor has recommended shoulder surgery. Now what? While surgery may seem scary, it’s important to know that shoulder surgery is a common procedure that can resolve issues like rotator cuff tears and arthritis. 

But just as important as the surgery itself is how you prepare in the weeks and months leading up to it. If you’ve got shoulder surgery on your calendar, here’s what you need to know (and do) to help yourself recover faster and stronger. 

Prehab: Your key to a smoother recovery 

One of the most effective ways to prepare for shoulder surgery is through prehab. Unlike physical rehabilitation, which happens after surgery, prehab happens before a procedure. 

Pre-surgery physical therapy focuses on strengthening the muscles around your shoulder joint, including the rotator cuff, deltoids, and scapular muscles. These muscles play a critical role in supporting your shoulder and helping it move properly. 

Your physical therapist may recommend exercises such as shoulder rotations, arm raises, and stretches to improve flexibility and build strength. These exercises help you maintain mobility in your shoulder while preparing your muscles for the recovery process. 

Pre-surgery lifestyle changes 

In the weeks leading up to your shoulder surgery, there are several key lifestyle adjustments you can make to ensure a smoother recovery, including: 

Keep your appointments. Expect to have the following visits leading up to your actual surgery: 

• A trip to get your lab work done  
• A visit with your primary care physician, who will ensure you’re healthy enough for surgery  
• A specialist if you have any underlying health conditions, such as heart or lung problems 
• A meeting with the anesthesiologist prior to surgery 

That said, avoid scheduling any dental procedures in the six weeks before your surgery or the three months afterward. Germs in your mouth can enter your bloodstream and potentially infect your joint. 

Quit smoking. If you smoke, quitting before surgery is one of the most important things you can do. Smoking increases the risk of complications like infections, delayed wound healing, and blood clots. Aim to quit at least a month before surgery, and talk to your doctor about resources that can help you quit. 

Manage chronic conditions. Uncontrolled conditions can increase the risk of complications during and after surgery. If you have underlying health issues, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or sleep apnea, work with your health care provider to ensure your conditions are well-controlled before surgery. Your doctor may adjust your medications or ask you to monitor certain aspects of your health more closely in the weeks leading up to your procedure. 

Improve your diet. Eating a nutrient-rich diet is essential for supporting your body’s healing process. Focus on consuming plenty of lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in the weeks leading up to surgery. Protein is particularly important for muscle repair and tissue healing. 

Tips for pre-op stress management 

Surgery can be a stressful experience, and it’s natural to feel anxious as the date approaches. Preparing mentally for your surgery can help reduce anxiety and improve your overall experience. 

Take time to talk to your surgeon about what to expect during surgery and recovery. Ask questions about pain management, physical therapy, and how long it will take before you can return to your normal activities. Having this information can give you peace of mind and help you feel more in control. 

Still feeling nervous? Consider practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing exercises, mindfulness, or meditation to help manage pre-surgery stress. 

Some patients find it helpful to join a support group where they can connect with others who have undergone a similar surgery. You can get tips on what to expect from someone who has already gone through a similar situation. 

Plan ahead for post-op recovery 

One of the most important steps in preparing for shoulder surgery is planning for your recovery. The first few weeks after surgery can be challenging, and having a solid plan in place will make the process smoother. Before your procedure: 

• Arrange for help. After shoulder surgery, you’ll need help with everyday tasks like dressing, cooking, and bathing. Make sure you have a family member or friend available to assist you in the days following surgery. If you live alone, consider hiring help or staying with a friend during the recovery period. 
   
• Prepare your home. Set up your home to make recovery as easy as possible. You’ll likely have limited use of your arm, so make sure essentials like medications, water, and snacks are within easy reach. Consider placing items you use frequently at waist or chest level to avoid straining your shoulder.  
   
• In the bathroom, consider installing grab bars and using a shower chair to reduce the risk of falls. If possible, set up a recovery space with comfortable seating and plenty of support for your shoulder. If you find it difficult to get comfortable, you may consider renting or buying a supportive chair, such as a recliner. 

Know what to expect on surgery day 

Ahead of your shoulder surgery, your health care team will give you guidelines on what to do the day before and the morning of your procedure. They will let you know: 

• When to stop eating and drinking. Your doctor may advise you not to eat or drink after midnight on the night before your procedure or give you other food and drink guidelines. Stop alcoholic drinks 48 hours before your procedure, or longer if your doctor advises it. You may also need to follow a special diet in the days before your surgery. And don’t smoke or use tobacco products within 24 hours of your procedure. 
   
• When (and how) to properly clean your skin. Take a shower and clean thoroughly with plain soap and water, or with medicated soap if recommended by your physician, the night before or the morning of your procedure. Skip products with fragrances during and after your shower, and don’t apply lotions afterward. Scrub your fingernails with a brush and remove nail polish and acrylic nails. But don’t shave the hair on your arm or shoulder. That will happen at the hospital or outpatient center, if needed. 
   
• What to pack. Only bring the essentials. This includes your photo ID and health insurance information. Leave valuables, including jewelry, at home. For an overnight stay, carry only what you’ll need:  
  • A loose-fitting, button-down shirt  
  • Sweatpants 
  • Slip-on walking shoes with nonslip soles 
  • A lightweight robe 
  • A case for your glasses 
     
• How long you’ll be staying. Depending on the type of shoulder surgery you’re having, you may either be discharged the same day or spend a few nights in the hospital. Your surgeon will explain what to expect based on the specifics of your procedure. Make sure to arrange for a friend or family member to drive you home. 

Know what to expect before you are discharged 

After shoulder surgery, your health care team will monitor your progress to ensure you're stable enough to go home. Here are some key things to anticipate before you leave: 

• Get ready to walk. The nursing staff will have you up and walking shortly after surgery. This helps prevent complications such as blood clots and pneumonia. Walking also promotes circulation, which aids in the healing process. 
   
• You won’t be pain-free, but you’ll feel a lot better. Although you’ll experience some discomfort after surgery, you should also feel significant relief from the pain that led to the procedure. Most patients report that their pain is manageable with medications. Your surgical team will modify your medications until you’re on a regimen that keeps the pain under control. 

Back at home 

When you return home following your surgery, here’s what you can do to optimize your recovery: 

• Get ready for physical therapy. Physical therapy is a crucial part of your recovery after shoulder surgery. Your physical therapist will guide you through exercises to regain strength and mobility in your shoulder. Be prepared to commit to your physical therapy routine. It will play a significant role in your overall recovery.  
   
• Continue healthy eating. Good nutrition can help your bones and surgical wounds heal more quickly. Eat a diet rich in protein and fiber, and drink lots of water. If your doctor gives you a post-op diet or suggests supplements or vitamins, follow their orders for the best results. If you’re diabetic, keep your glucose levels tightly controlled to promote healing. 
   
• Stay active. It’s important to rest and protect your shoulder, but staying active is also key to your recovery. Follow your doctor’s guidelines for light activity, and gradually increase your movement as your shoulder heals. 

You’ve got this 

Preparing for shoulder surgery takes time, effort, and planning, but the steps you take before your procedure will pay off in a faster, smoother recovery. By focusing on prehab, making lifestyle changes, and preparing your home and support system, you can set yourself up for a successful surgery.